One man, a longtime Giuliani adversary, was tossed out of the hearing after shouting at the panel to "ask some real questions!"

The heckling was a sharp contrast to some of the questioning from commission members, who gave Giuliani a warm welcome and praised his leadership following September 11.

The August 6, 2001, intelligence briefing for President George W Bush - titled "Bin Laden Determined To Strike in US" - referred to evidence of buildings in New York being looked at by terrorists as possible targets. It mentioned New York or the World Trade Centre three times.

"If that information had been given to us, or more warnings had been given in the summer of 2001, I can't honestly tell you we'd do anything differently," Giuliani testified.

"We were doing at the time everything we could think of ... to protect the city."

Giuliani said the briefings he received from federal officials indicated that New York's bridges, tunnels and subways were more likely targets.

"I do think the interpretation would have been more in the direction of suicide bombings than aerial attacks," Giuliani said, one day after his top commissioners were grilled over their September 11 response.

It was about 90 minutes into his testimony that Giuliani was shouted down by family members of the trade centre victims.

"My son was murdered!" yelled Sally Regenhard, who lost her firefighter son in the attack.

Others in the audience shouted about the failure of Fire Department radios, shouting, "Talk about the radios!"

"You're simply wasting time at this point," commission head Thomas Kean told the family members.

"YOU'RE wasting time!" came the angry reply.

Just as Giuliani finished testifying, Christopher Brodeur - a New Yorker who became one of Giuliani's most ardent critics during his two terms in City Hall - jumped out of his seat.

"Three thousand people are dead!" Brodeur yelled before security guards escorted him out. "They were not killed because he's a great leader. ... Let's ask some real questions!" A second spectator was also ejected.

The former mayor and his commissioners were widely hailed for their efforts after two hijacked planes slammed into the twin towers, killing 2749 people and rattling the city's psyche.

But yesterday, commission member John Lehman said the failure of city agencies to communicate effectively on 9/11 was a scandal "not worthy of the Boy Scouts, let alone this great city".

Giuliani said in his opening statement that the commission's priority should be preventing a new attack, not assigning blame.

"Our enemy is not each other, but the terrorists who attacked us," Giuliani said. The mayor acknowledged there were "terrible mistakes" made on September 11, but attributed that to the unprecedented circumstances.

After testifying, Giuliani suggested that Lehman owed his staff an apology.

"I was upset about that comment and the Boy Scout thing," Giuliani said outside the hearing. "They did the best job that anybody could."

Commission member James Thompson, before questioning Giuliani, said the panel was "not engaged in a search for blame, not engaged in a search for villains". Instead, he said, the commission hoped to save the lives of other Americans - a comment that drew more applause.

Giuliani pointed out that the bravery and quick thinking of city rescuers under brutal conditions had saved thousands of lives.

"Maybe 8000 more, maybe 9000 more than anyone could rightfully expect" were brought to safety before the towers collapsed, Giuliani said. About 25,000 people were evacuated from the World Trade Centre.

He began by describing his actions and feelings on September 11, recounting a morning that began at breakfast with two friends and quickly turned into unimaginable horror. He recalled his final meetings with several victims, and he described the scene when the first tower collapsed.

"It first felt like than earthquake, and then it looked like a nuclear cloud," Giuliani said. As Giuliani remembered watching a man leap from around the 102nd floor, family members began to cry, clearly disturbed by the account.

Just before Giuliani took the stand, the commission released a 10-page staff report saying that basic flaws in the city's emergency 911 phone system denied people inside the World Trade Centre potentially lifesaving information.

The 911 phone system's operators and dispatchers were unaware that fire chiefs were evacuating the doomed twin towers because the city had no way of relaying that information, the commission staff concluded.

With the buildings' public address systems out of service, workers inside the buildings called 911 for help but were not told to evacuate, according to the report, which was the second part of the most comprehensive probe to date of New York's response to the attacks.

An unknown number of victims in the south tower might have had a better chance of survival if 911 operators had instructed them not to flee upward, where some found locked roof doors and no hope of escape, the report concluded.

"In several ways, the system was not ready to cope with a major disaster," the report said.

Current Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge also testified today, the commission's second and last day in Manhattan. The sessions were held at the New School University, just over a kilometre north of ground zero.

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